Month: July 2026

My Pilates Background

I began my Pilates training in 1983 with Dreas Reyneke — one of the great pioneers of British Pilates. Dreas was a former dancer with Ballet Rambert who had trained in the Pilates method and opened his Body Conditioning studio in Notting Hill Gate. He was a wonderful teacher and a fabulous man, and I trained with him for two years.

After this, I trained under Alan Herdman — the man who had brought Pilates to the United Kingdom, having opened Britain’s first Pilates studio in 1970 after training in New York under instructors who had worked directly with Joseph Pilates himself. I subsequently became Manager of Alan Herdman’s studio, a role I held for six years.

The Threat from America

The Pilates Foundation was not established as a routine professional body. It was founded in direct response to a serious legal threat.

A man in America — Sean Gallagher, owner of a Manhattan-based Pilates studio — had claimed trademark ownership of the word “Pilates” and had already taken successful legal action against small studios in the United States. He was intimidating hundreds of Pilates teachers into either paying annual licensing fees to him or ceasing to use the word “Pilates” to describe what they taught. He then announced his intention to come to London and extend this control over Pilates in England.

I felt very strongly that we could not allow this to happen. The word “Pilates” described a method of exercise developed by Joseph Pilates himself — it was not a commercial brand that any individual should be able to own or control. If Gallagher succeeded, every Pilates teacher and studio in Britain and Europe would be at his mercy.

Founding the Pilates Foundation

I approached Anne-Marie Zulkahari and Hana Jones and asked whether they would join me in fighting to protect our right to use the word “Pilates” as a description of what we do. Both agreed with enthusiasm.

Together, we then invited Alan Herdman to serve as Chairman of the new organisation and Dreas Reyneke to serve as Deputy Chairman. Both accepted, lending the full weight of their authority and stature to the cause.

We engaged a brilliant trademark lawyer and pursued a strategy that proved decisive: we were among the first to obtain a collective trademark at the European Trademark Registry, and we also secured a collective trademark registered in England. The collective trademark was the critical legal mechanism — by registering the word collectively on behalf of the profession, no single commercial entity could claim exclusive ownership of it. It belonged to the method and to the practitioners as a whole.

This prevented Sean Gallagher from being able to obtain a trademark in Britain or Europe, and it protected every Pilates teacher and studio on this side of the Atlantic.

What Happened in America

In the United States, the fight was eventually won in court, but only after a costly four-year legal battle. In October 2000, U.S. District Court Judge Miriam Cedarbaum ruled that “Pilates” was a generic term — like “yoga” or “karate” — and could not be trademarked by any individual. Gallagher was also found to have deliberately misled the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The case was brought by Ken Endelman of Balanced Body Inc., the only person with the resources to challenge him in court.

The British and European professions were protected far earlier and more efficiently by the collective trademark strategy that the Pilates Foundation had pursued from the outset.

Setting the Record Straight

Over the years, a number of people have claimed to have started the Pilates Foundation or described themselves as founding members. This account sets the record straight.

The Pilates Foundation was founded by Trevor Blount, with Anne-Marie Zulkahari and Hana Jones as co-founders. Alan Herdman served as Chairman and Dreas Reyneke as Deputy Chairman. The impetus, the initiative, and the legal strategy came from Trevor Blount, who identified the threat posed by Sean Gallagher and brought the founding group together specifically to protect the British and European Pilates profession.

Every Pilates teacher and studio in Britain and Europe who uses the word “Pilates” freely today owes something to that fight, whether they know it or not.

Account recorded June 2026.

Osteoarthritis and osteopenia sit at opposite ends of a related concern: one involves the gradual deterioration of joint cartilage; the other, the slow reduction of bone density. Both are common in the clients we see, often appearing together, and both respond well to the kind of careful, load-appropriate movement that classical Pilates provides.

What brings most of these clients to us is a prior experience of being either told to rest and avoid exercise, or given a generic programme that made the joint pain worse. Neither outcome is inevitable. What it usually reflects is a mismatch between the exercise and the person.

Is Pilates Good for Osteoarthritis?

Yes. Pilates is a highly appropriate form of exercise for osteoarthritis. It is low-impact, meaning it does not subject joints to the compressive forces of running or high-impact aerobics. It systematically strengthens the muscles around affected joints — reducing the load those joints must bear — and improves the balance and proprioception that often deteriorate as joint pain changes how a person moves.

A 2025 meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials found that Pilates can relieve pain and improve physical function in people with knee osteoarthritis, with effects on both pain intensity and the WOMAC functional scale. The controlled, supported nature of apparatus-based Pilates is particularly well-suited to this population: spring resistance allows strengthening work without undue joint compression, and the wide range of positions available means there is almost always a way to work that does not aggravate the affected joint.

What Is the Difference Between Osteoarthritis and Osteopenia?

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition in which the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones gradually wears down. It most commonly affects the knees, hips, spine and hands, causing pain, stiffness and reduced range of motion. It is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the UK, predominantly affecting people over 50.

Osteopenia refers to lower-than-normal bone density — not yet at the level that meets the clinical threshold for osteoporosis, but indicating that bone density has begun to decline. Over 3 million people in the UK are affected by osteoporosis, with osteopenia representing a significantly larger population at earlier stages of bone density loss.

Both conditions share a need for exercise that builds muscular strength without placing inappropriate mechanical stress on weakened joints or bones.

How Does Osteoarthritis Differ from Osteoporosis in Terms of Exercise?

Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis require different exercise emphases, even when they occur in the same person (which they often do). Osteoarthritis management prioritises unloading affected joints while strengthening the surrounding musculature and maintaining range of motion. Osteoporosis management prioritises weight-bearing and resistance work to stimulate bone density — but within the constraint that high-impact loading or flexion loading of a fragile spine can increase fracture risk.

This is why assessment matters so much. When someone has both conditions, which is common in older adults, a one-size approach will either be insufficient for one condition or inappropriate for the other. We’ve written in more detail about is Pilates good for osteoporosis, including how we approach fracture risk and spinal loading specifically.

What Does Pilates for Osteoarthritis Actually Do?

Muscle strengthening around the joint. Weak muscles around an arthritic joint place more stress on the joint itself — meaning the cartilage must absorb forces that well-functioning muscles would normally share. Strengthening the quadriceps, hip stabilisers and gluteal muscles around a knee or hip with osteoarthritis directly reduces compressive load on the joint. This is especially relevant for clients coming to us for Pilates after knee replacement, where the surrounding musculature has to do more work to protect the new joint.

Improving joint mobility. Stiffness is a characteristic complaint of osteoarthritis, particularly in the morning or after sustained inactivity. Carefully graded mobilisation work reduces this stiffness and maintains the range of motion needed for daily function.

Balance and proprioceptive training. Osteoarthritis alters the proprioceptive feedback from the affected joint — the body’s ability to know where the joint is in space. This contributes to the increased fall risk seen in people with lower limb osteoarthritis. Pilates work systematically challenges and improves this proprioception.

Posture and load distribution. Osteoarthritis often develops or worsens in joints that are carrying uneven loads due to postural habits built up over years. Addressing these patterns — through the kind of attentive, whole-body assessment that our method is built around — works on the problem upstream rather than just managing the symptom.

What About Pilates for Osteopenia?

For clients with osteopenia, Pilates offers a form of resistance and weight-bearing work that can help maintain or modestly improve bone density, while also building the balance and postural strength that reduce fall risk. The spine extensors — the muscles of the back that keep the spine upright — are of particular importance: weakness here contributes to postural kyphosis (rounding of the upper back) that increases vertebral fracture risk in people with reduced bone density.

This overlaps significantly with our work with osteoporosis clients, discussed further in our piece on Pilates and osteoporosis. The principles are the same; the intensity and progression simply begin from a different starting point.

Is Apparatus Pilates Better Than Mat Pilates for Osteoarthritis?

For most people with osteoarthritis, apparatus-based work offers significant advantages over mat work. The apparatus provides support in positions that would otherwise compress the affected joints; it allows resistance to be dialled up or down precisely; and it creates movement in planes and through ranges that unassisted mat work often cannot achieve comfortably. This is not a rule — mat work has its place, particularly as strength and function improve — but for the early stages of working with osteoarthritis, the apparatus is generally more useful, a distinction we go into further in mat Pilates vs apparatus Pilates.

If you are managing osteoarthritis or osteopenia and would like to understand what a one-to-one programme at our South Kensington studio might look like, please get in touch.

Back surgery — whether a discectomy, laminectomy, spinal decompression or spinal fusion — requires a rehabilitation approach that is genuinely individual. The nature of the procedure, the number of levels involved, the quality of the surrounding tissue, and the movement habits that may have contributed to the original problem in the first place all shape what recovery looks like and how it should progress.

This is why, after 40 years of working with post-surgical clients, I’ve found that the one-to-one format is not just preferable for spinal surgery recovery — it is the only format that can be done responsibly.

Can You Do Pilates After Back Surgery?

Yes, Pilates is appropriate after back surgery, but timing and method matter enormously. In the initial weeks following surgery, rest and basic walking are generally what’s advised, under your surgeon’s guidance. Once wound healing is established — typically around two to four weeks post-operatively — carefully structured rehabilitation can begin, and this is where Pilates becomes a valuable tool.

Research on post-surgical spinal rehabilitation consistently supports Pilates-based approaches for restoring motor control of the deep stabilising muscles, improving postural alignment, and building the muscular support the spine needs once the mechanical or structural issue has been addressed surgically.

The important caveat is that Pilates after back surgery is not the same as Pilates for general fitness. The exercises, positions and progressions need to be selected specifically for the type of surgery performed and the stage of healing.

How Long After Back Surgery Can You Start Pilates?

For most spinal procedures, a one-to-one Pilates programme can typically begin four to eight weeks after surgery, subject to your surgeon’s clearance. This timeline can vary significantly:

Discectomy and laminectomy (nerve decompression procedures) tend to allow earlier rehabilitation, with some clients beginning gentle, supported work at four weeks.

Spinal fusion requires more time, as the bone is consolidating. For a single-level fusion, rehabilitation work commonly begins at six to eight weeks; multi-level fusions or more complex procedures may require longer. The essential rule is: follow your surgeon’s guidance on timing, and bring those parameters clearly to your first Pilates session.

What Should You Tell Your Pilates Instructor Before Starting?

Before beginning post-surgical Pilates, your instructor needs to understand: the type of surgery performed, the number of levels involved (for fusion procedures), any post-operative restrictions given by your surgeon (particularly regarding flexion, rotation or loading), whether you have any residual symptoms such as nerve pain or weakness, and your current pain levels and daily activity tolerance.

This information isn’t a formality — it shapes every decision about which exercises are appropriate at each stage of recovery.

What Does Pilates for Spinal Surgery Recovery Actually Involve?

The progression follows the logic of the healing process. In the early weeks of rehabilitation, the work focuses on:

Reestablishing breath control and pelvic floor awareness – Surgery disrupts the neuromuscular connection to the deep stabilising muscles. Before any meaningful loading, these connections need to be reestablished — quietly, attentively, without rushing.

Neutral spine positioning – Post-surgical clients are often fearful of movement, having been told to protect the area. One of the first practical tasks is finding a genuinely supported neutral spine position — not rigidly braced, but actively supported — and learning to breathe within it.

Gentle mobilisation of adjacent segments – For fusion clients in particular, the segments above and below the fusion need targeted mobility work to prevent compensatory stiffness building up over time.

As healing progresses and confidence grows, work gradually incorporates:

Thoracic mobility and hip function – Areas that tend to compensate for spinal restriction and that, if neglected, create secondary problems over months and years.

Progressive loading – Using the spring-based resistance of the apparatus to challenge the stabilising muscles in increasingly functional ways, always staying within the window of what the healing structure can safely tolerate.

Rotational movement – The final component added, once foundational stability has been firmly established.

Are There Movements to Avoid After Spinal Surgery?

Yes, and this list is specific to the type of surgery. For spinal fusion, flexion-loading exercises — such as roll-ups, C-curves and spine stretches forward — are typically avoided or significantly modified in the early and mid phases of recovery. This is one reason why working with someone experienced in post-surgical rehabilitation matters: the standard Pilates repertoire is not universally appropriate, and a good instructor knows what to leave out.

How Does This Differ from General Pilates?

For clients recovering from back surgery, sessions look quite different from what most people associate with Pilates. There are no quick transitions. There is no expectation of performing to a standard. The focus is entirely on what this body needs right now, taking into account how recent surgery has altered the structure and function of the spine.

See Pilates After Knee Replacement for an account of how a similar rehabilitation philosophy applies to joint replacement recovery. The underlying approach — patience, precision, individual assessment — is the same.

Why One-to-One Matters After Back Surgery

Group classes cannot accommodate the level of monitoring that post-surgical recovery requires. A position that is safe for one person may place inappropriate load on a recent fusion in another. Springs need adjusting. Positions need adapting. Exercises that are standard for the general population need to be modified or excluded entirely.

At our studio, post-surgical clients work exclusively two-to-one or one-to-one. Every session is adapted to where you are in your recovery. Progress is driven by what we see in your movement, not by how many weeks have passed.

If you are planning or have recently had back surgery and want to understand how one-to-one Pilates could support your rehabilitation, get in touch.

Chronic pain has a way of reshaping everything around it. The way you sit, how you move when you stand up, which activities you’ve quietly stopped doing — it reaches into daily life in ways that accumulate gradually and are often hard to articulate to anyone who hasn’t experienced them.

What I’ve found over 40 years of working with people in pain is that the problem is rarely as fixed as it feels. The body has adapted. Often it has over-adapted — bracing, guarding, compensating — and those very adaptations become the next layer of difficulty. This is where Pilates offers something that most exercise approaches don’t: the slow, attentive work of untangling what the body has done to protect itself, and finding a better way to move.

Can Pilates Help with Chronic Pain?

Yes. Pilates is a well-established approach to managing chronic musculoskeletal pain, particularly chronic back pain, hip pain, neck pain and joint pain. It works by building the deep stabilising muscles that support the spine and joints, correcting movement patterns that place unnecessary strain on painful structures, and restoring a quality of body awareness that allows people to move more efficiently and with less discomfort.

A 2025 randomised controlled trial examining Reformer Pilates for adults with chronic low back and neck pain found statistically significant improvements in pain intensity, fatigue and sleep quality — with changes large enough to be clinically meaningful in daily life. Participants also showed significant reductions in kinesiophobia, the fear of movement that often becomes as limiting as the pain itself.

The fear of movement is something we address directly and patiently. It is one of the most significant things chronic pain takes from people.

Why Is Chronic Pain So Difficult to Treat with Exercise?

Chronic pain — generally defined as pain persisting beyond three months — is a complex condition that involves not just the original site of injury or dysfunction, but the nervous system’s response to it. The brain becomes sensitised, the pain response amplifies, and the body layers compensatory muscle patterns over the original problem in ways that can persist long after the tissue itself has healed.

This is why generic gym exercise, or group classes that have no knowledge of your history, often fail people with chronic pain — or make things worse. Exercise that is too demanding, too fast or simply mismatched to what the body needs at that point tends to reinforce the fear of movement rather than resolve it.

The key is working with someone who understands what your body has done and why, and who can build a programme that starts within your comfortable range and expands from there, rather than pushing through limits that need to be respected.

Does Pilates Work for All Types of Chronic Pain?

Pilates is most consistently effective for chronic musculoskeletal pain — that is, pain originating in the muscles, spine, joints and connective tissues. This includes chronic lower back pain, hip and pelvic pain, chronic neck and shoulder pain, and pain arising from arthritic joints or post-surgical changes.

For chronic pain with complex neurological components, Pilates can still be beneficial but requires more careful assessment and, often, collaboration with the client’s wider medical team. At our studio, we take the time to understand the full picture before we begin.

What Makes One-to-One Pilates Different for Chronic Pain?

In a group class, it is not possible to monitor 10 people for the subtle signs that an exercise is being performed in a way that loads the wrong structures. In a one-to-one session, that monitoring is continuous. When I see a client load their lower back because their hip flexors aren’t engaging properly, I can adjust the movement before it reinforces a pattern we’re trying to change.

This level of attention is not a luxury for people in chronic pain — it is a prerequisite for the work being useful.

Every session at our South Kensington studio begins with a fresh assessment of where you are that day. Chronic pain fluctuates. A programme that was appropriate last week may need modifying today. We work with that reality rather than against it.

How Long Before Pilates Helps with Chronic Pain?

This varies considerably depending on the nature and duration of the pain, how long compensatory patterns have been established, and individual factors including age and general fitness. In clinical research, meaningful improvements have been observed in as little as six weeks of consistent work.

What I can say from experience is that most people with chronic pain notice a qualitative shift — a sense of something loosening, of moving with less effort — before the pain statistics change. They start standing differently. They sleep better. Small daily activities become less effortful. These changes often precede significant pain reduction and are, in themselves, meaningful progress.

See also: Pilates for Back Pain: What to Expect When You Start for a closer look at how chronic spinal pain is approached in our sessions.

Is Pilates Safe When You’re in Pain?

Pilates is not about pushing through pain, and it is never performed that way in our studio. The classical apparatus — the Cadillac, Reformer, Chair and Ladder Barrel — allows us to work in positions and through ranges that support the body rather than compress it. Spring resistance replaces body weight when needed. Positions are chosen to offload painful areas while still engaging the muscles that need to strengthen.

If you are in a period of acute flare, we may work very gently or focus primarily on breath and postural awareness. If things are more settled, we build progressively. The rate of progression is always led by what your body shows us, not by an external timeline.

If you’re living with chronic pain and wondering whether Pilates might offer a way forward, get in touch for a conversation about what one-to-one sessions could look like for you.